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- Slackware FAQ, last revised: 9 June 1994
-
- These are questions people ask me quite often. Hopefully now that they're
- answered here that won't be the case. :^)
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why do I get "network unreachable" under Slackware?
-
- A: There are a couple of possibilities. For most users, things work right out
- of the box. However, if you're running into this problem here are two
- workarounds you can try:
-
- 1. Reverse the broadcast and netmask arguments (and their variables)
- in the call to ifconfig in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1. Make sure you are
- not trying to route your own IP address - you shouldn't have to.
-
- 2. Make sure /etc/networks is properly configured.
-
- 3. You may want to try the 'netconfig' script (in the package netcfg.tgz).
- It's not perfect, but does a pretty good job.
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why the $%#@! isn't my UltraStor SCSI detected? It works under DOS!
-
- A: Set the I/O address to 0x340 instead to 0x330.
-
- For any hardware that doesn't work, a good rule is to try playing around
- with the IRQ and I/O settings on it to see what happens. If your system
- is up and running and you're having problems with a CD-ROM or tape or
- something like this, you can always look around for the driver source in
- /usr/src/linux/drivers... really, it won't bite! Often, the source
- contains important documentation, such as the default IRQ settings for
- that type of device, and the major number for the entry in /dev. Also,
- try other bootkernels and see if that helps.
-
- -----
-
- Q: My large (> 1/2 gig) IDE drive reports more than 16 heads, and as a
- result Linux won't install on it. What can I do?
-
- A: See the file EIDE.TXT for instructions on how to make it work. (Thanks to
- Bob DiMarco for forwarding this to me, and Patrick LoPresti for compiling
- the information in the first place)
-
- Note that newer kernels (> 1.1.40) will do this translation for you
- automatically, and thus make the workaround unnecessary. Once these new
- kernels make it into the Q series, you should probably use one of them if
- you have an EIDE drive and want to avoid the whole problem.
-
- -----
-
- Q: How do I make a Slackware bootkernel disk with this new kernel I made?
-
- A: OK, well you grab an existing one like the "bare.gz", put it on a floppy,
- and do this:
-
- mount /dev/fd0 /mnt (this mounts it)
- cat zImage > /mnt/vmlinuz (put the new kernel in place)
- rdev -R /mnt/vmlinuz 0 (mount read-write)
- rdev /mnt/vmlinuz /dev/fd0H1440 (use that drive, or /dev/fd0h1200)
- rdev -r /mnt/vmlinuz 1440 (set the ramdisk size, or use 1200 with 1.2 meg)
- lilo -r /mnt (reinstall lilo)
- umount /mnt (that's it! you're done! :^)
-
- If you want it to stop and give the message to switch disks, you'll need the
- ramdisk.c patch in /pub/linux/slackware/kernels on ftp.cdrom.com. I have no
- idea if this will still patch into the newest kernels. Otherwise, you don't
- really need it if you're brave enough to just switch the new disk in as soon
- as you see the "Uncompressing Linux..." message. It's always worked for me.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I just built a new kernel. Now how to I go about replacing my existing
- kernel with this new zImage file?
-
- A: First, you must prepare the new kernel. If you're using UMSDOS, you'll want
- your system to boot read-write. Otherwise, you'll want it to boot read-only
- so your filesystems can be safely checked. So, do this:
-
- For UMSDOS:
- rdev -R zImage 0
- For any other filesystem type:
- rdev -R zImage 1
-
- Then, you'll need to set the root partition. For example, if your root
- Linux partition is /dev/hda2, you'd do this:
-
- rdev zImage /dev/hda2
-
- Then, you can set a video mode if you like. As an example, this sets normal
- 80x25 console mode:
-
- rdev -v zImage -1
-
- Other modes include: -3 = Prompt, -2 = Extended VGA. You might need to
- remove a line in your /etc/lilo.conf that forces normal video if you use
- LILO and wish to try an extended video mode.
-
- Next, you need to install the kernel. If you boot from a floppy disk, you
- can simply stick a formatted floppy into your drive and write the zImage
- to it like this:
-
- cat zImage > /dev/fd0
-
- If you use lilo, you should copy the zImage to where your lilo.conf expects
- it to be and then reinstall lilo. This should work if you used Slackware's
- liloconfig script to set up LILO. (this is the script setup uses)
-
- cp zImage /vmlinuz ; lilo
-
- You may wish to back up your existing /vmlinuz first.
-
- Now, just reboot and if all goes well you'll be running from your new
- kernel!
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why doesn't my bus mouse work? The kernel, selection, the
- X server and test-mouse all say "no such device."
-
- A: The kernels distributed with Slackware don't have the drivers for
- busmice compiled in. Last time I tried to include all of them there
- were horrible driver conflicts -- better to leave them out if they
- can't coexist. Obviously, it's not feasible for me to provide
- versions of every precompiled kernel for each type of busmouse. I
- only have a 386. ;^)
-
- The solution is to get the kernel sources, configure the kernel to
- support the your type of mouse and no other mouse devices, and rebuild
- it. Documentation on how to do this is included in the kernel
- source, i.e. the kernel.tgz package found in the D series. You will
- also need at least the gcc.tgz, include.tgz, libc.tgz, and binutils.tgz
- packages from the D series to rebuild the kernel.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I see my SoundBlaster/Panasonic CD-ROM detected at boot, but I can't
- install from it or mount it. What's going on?
-
- A. Try setting to drive's ID to 0. This is expected by the install disks.
- There should be a jumper on the back of the drive that selects this --
- just move it to the leftmost position.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I'm using UMSDOS and would like to use the same swapspace under Windows
- and Linux. Can this be done?
-
- A: If you want to share a Linux-UMSDOS swapfile with MS-Windows, you can
- do the following:
-
- 1. Create PERMANENT(!) swap file in MS-Windows with size NNNN kbytes.
- 2. In /etc/rc.d/rc.local add the following lines:
-
- rm -f /DOS/windows/spart.par <--- Needed in order to suppress
- Windows complain on next start!
- mkswap /DOS/386spart.par NNNN
- sync
- swapon /DOS/386spart.par
-
- 3.In /etc/rc.d/rc.0 add "swapoff" for this file.
-
- -----
-
- Q: What's the password for root on the install disk?
-
- A: There isn't one. If you're asked for one, it usually means that you
- don't have enough memory to install.
-
- To help work around this, look in your CMOS settings and make sure you don't
- have any ROM shadowing enabled. ROM shadowing wastes memory and won't
- improve the performance of Linux. Also, make sure you're using the smallest
- bootkernel disk you can. For example, you don't need to use "scsinet" if
- you're not installing to a SCSI drive via NFS. Use something small -- the
- "bare" disk if you can get away with it. Some people mistakenly think they
- need to use a bootkernel disk with network drivers if they plan to use
- networking after installation. Not so! The drivers on the bootkernel disk
- have no impact on what you can use *after* installation -- in almost all
- cases you won't be running the same kernel on your installed system as
- you used to install it.
-
- -----
-
- Q: How can I install and remove software now that the Slackware Linux
- distribution is installed on my machine?
-
- A: To remove packages, type "pkgtool" and follow the prompts. Pkgtool will
- also allow you to add packages that are in the current directory.
-
- The preferred way to install software is with the "setup" script.
- When you do your initial installation, setup puts a copy of itself in your
- /sbin for future use. You can also add software to your machine using the
- boot/install disk, if you really want to.
-
- When adding software to a running system via NFS, it is preferable to
- mount the partition yourself and then use the 'install from a mounted
- directory' feature of setup.
-
- There are also command line utilities that allow you to create, install,
- and remove packages. For these, you should refer to the manpages:
- installpkg(8), removepkg(8), makepkg(8), explodepkg(8). A simple example
- of how you would install a package with installpkg:
-
- installpkg package.tgz
-
- -----
-
- Q. How do I know what files setup/pkgtool/installpkg is putting where ?
-
- A. Look around in /var/adm/packages.
- Similarly, you can find installation scripts for each package in
- /var/adm/scripts.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I set my partitions to "Linux native" but Slackware still won't detect
- them! What can I do?
-
- A: This problem is rare and I still don't know what causes it.
-
- [ Note that this is not the same problem that usually affects the IBM PS/1,
- Thinkpad, and similar machines that do not detect the harddrive. If you've
- got one of these machines, and fdisk is giving you problems, your answer is
- still ahead :^) ]
-
- Here's a workaround you can use to install anyway:
-
- 1. Start tty12 or tty144 using one of the bootkernel disks.
- 2. Make and format partitions for Linux.
- 3. Mount the target partitions under /mnt.
- 4. Type "setup -target_mounted"
- 5. Follow the rest of the instructions to install.
- 6. Type "vi /mnt/etc/fstab" and enter an appropriate fstab.
- As an example, here's what mine contains:
-
- /dev/hdb2 swap swap defaults
- /dev/hda2 / ext2 defaults
- /dev/hda3 /usr xiafs defaults
- /dev/hda1 /dos msdos defaults
- /dev/hdb1 /os2 msdos defaults
- none /proc proc defaults
-
- To give you some more info about this file, the first field is the
- partition to be mounted, the second is where it should be mounted, the
- third is the filesystem type, and the last field is the options to use.
- Unless you're a Linux wizard, just set this to "defaults".
-
- Other things to remember about this file:
- - Make sure that you list the root partition before any other partitions
- that are mounted beneath it.
- - Add the /proc line, or "ps", "w", etc, won't work.
- - It's a good idea to put a blank line at the end of the file, as I've
- had reports that partitions listed on the last line might not be
- mounted.
-
- 7. Once you've made and saved this file you can reboot with ctrl-alt-delete.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I have a (PS/1 || Valuepoint || Thinkpad), and can't install because fdisk
- can't see my hard drive. How can I get around this?
-
- A: You'll need to enter your drive parameters at the bootkernel prompt. You
- can even specify the geometry for your second IDE drive by supplying a
- second hd= parameter right after the first one.
-
- When you boot the bootkernel disk, you'll see more information about the
- format used to pass your drive parameters to the kernel at the LILO prompt
- and allow your drive to be recognized.
-
- You'll have to edit your lilo.conf file to add a similar hd= flag if you
- want LILO to work. Add this as the TOP line in the file:
-
- append="hd=cyl,hds,secs"
-
- Where "cyl", "hds", and "secs" are the number of cylinders, sectors,
- and heads on the drive.
-
- If you have two IDE drives, specify both drives (like this):
-
- append="hd=967,13,31 hd=944,14,40"
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why do my /etc/issue and /etc/motd keep resetting themselves at boot time?
-
- A: The /etc/rc.d/rc.S resets them out every time you boot after figuring out
- which kernel you're running -- otherwise the kernel version printed at login
- might not stay current.
-
- If you want to write your own /etc/issue and /etc/motd, you need to comment
- out that part of /etc/rc.d/rc.S.
-
- -----
-
- Q: Emacs dumps core, complains of a missing library, or lacks X11 support! Why?
-
- A: The GNU Emacs series includes your choice of a version with X11 support, or
- one without. Make sure you have the right binary for your machine.
-
- The binary supporting X11 is installed as part of a package on the first
- disk that you'll need to install whether you want X11 support or not. If
- you DO NOT want X11 support, install the package 'emac_nox.tgz' on the last
- disk of the Emacs series.
-
- If you just install all of the disks, you don't get X11 support. It had to
- be one way or the other, so if you're not paying attention when you install
- at least this way it will run no matter what.
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why do my compiles sometimes die with 'signal 11: internal compiler error'?
-
- A: This indicates a hardware problem in about 99% of the cases. It can usually
- be fixed by increasing the number of wait states in the CMOS settings. It
- can almost always be fixed by turning off the RAM cache, but this should be
- your last resort since it will cause a noticeable slowdown.
-
- -----
-
- Q: How can I change (or get rid of) the color ls?
-
- A: Read the man page, and check out the file /etc/DIR_COLORS. You can
- configure the colors any way you like, or shut them off entirely. Also, you
- can copy /etc/DIR_COLORS into your home directory as '.dir_colors' to
- override the global defaults on a user by user basis.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I start X with "openwin" and it works OK, but I can't switch virtual
- consoles. Why?
-
- A: On a Linux text screen, you switch virtual consoles with Alt-F1 through
- Alt-F8. Under XFree-86, you must use Ctrl-Alt-F1 through Ctrl-Alt-F8.
- Another useful 'secret' key combination is RightShift-PgUp/PgDown for
- scrollback. (a random amount ranging from none to a few pages, depending
- on the state of your video text buffer memory)
-
- -----
-
- Q: Why can't I use the new ghostscript with X?
-
- A: Make sure you have gs_x11.tgz from disk XAP1 installed.
-
- -----
-
- Q: I can't get anything to work at all! What's the deal?
-
- A: If you seem to suffer catastrophic failure (!), then check the file FILE_LIST
- on ftp.cdrom.com in /pub/linux/slackware against the contents of your disks
- and make sure you're not missing any files.
-
- Also, I've noticed that most of the reports of kernel panics and system
- hangs have come from people with 4MB. If you're running into these types
- of problems I'd suggest forking over the $$$ for 4 more meg. I have 8 MB of
- RAM and never have crashes. (well, only when I really push my luck)
- If you don't want to do that, then go through your /etc/rc.d/rc.* files and
- get rid of any daemons you don't use, like crond, lpd, or selection.
-
- If you've got 4 MB and you're getting 'virtual memory exceeded in new'
- warnings, make sure you set up and activate a swap partition before running
- setup. If you're really hard up on memory, you can boot a rootdisk using
- 'editroot' instead of one of the usual boot kernels. This will mount the
- floppy in the root drive, and you'll have to install from the other drive
- or from the hard drive. You will also not be able to create any kind of boot
- disk, so you'll have to install LILO and take your chances. I only suggest
- using this approach if a swapfile will not work.
-
- -----
-
- Q: How do I make a bootkernel disk that uses a custom kernel?
-
- A: Look in the ./kernels subdirectory. You'll find complete instructions
- on how to make them in there.
-
- -----
-
- Also - at ftp.gwdg.de:/pub/linux/install-mount/slack-info are some more
- networking hints.
-
- In addition, the LDP people have put out an excellent set of manuals that I
- may include in a future Slackware release. These are available on
- sunsite.unc.edu in /pub/Linux/docs/LDP.
-
- ---
- Patrick Volkerding
- volkerdi@mhd1.moorhead.msus.edu
- volkerdi@ftp.cdrom.com
-